If your cat has been coughing and wheezing, it can be alarming and leave you wondering about the underlying cause. While occasional coughing in cats may not always signal a problem, frequent or severe episodes of coughing and wheezing should never be ignored.
This comprehensive guide will help you understand why your cat might be showing these symptoms, how to address them, and when to consult a veterinarian.
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What Does Cat Coughing and Wheezing Look Like?
Coughing in cats can sometimes be mistaken for vomiting or hairball hacking. Unlike dogs, cats do not cough as frequently, so any coughing episode can seem unusual to cat owners. Wheezing, on the other hand, is a high-pitched or raspy sound that occurs during breathing, often indicating a problem with the respiratory system.
Signs include:
- Persistent or intermittent coughing (wet cough or dry cough)
- Wheezing sounds when breathing
- Open-mouth breathing
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Lethargy or reluctance to move
Recognizing these signs can help you determine whether your cat’s symptoms require immediate medical attention.
Causes of Cat Coughing and Wheezing
There are several potential causes of coughing and wheezing in cats. These range from minor irritants to serious medical conditions. Below are some of the most common causes:
Feline Asthma
Feline asthma is one of the leading causes of coughing and wheezing in cats. It is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways, similar to asthma in humans. Asthma can be triggered by allergens, stress, or environmental irritants.
Common signs of asthma in cats include frequent wheezing, labored breathing, open-mouth breathing and coughing fits that look like gagging.
Respiratory Infections
Upper or lower respiratory infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi can lead to coughing and wheezing. Fungal lung infections, in particular, can result in prolonged coughing episodes.
Common signs of respiratory infections include sneezing, nasal discharge, fever and coughing, and wheezing.
Congestive Heart Failure
In some cases, coughing and wheezing may be linked to congestive heart failure. This condition affects the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs, which can cause a wet cough and breathing difficulties.
Common symptoms of congestive heart failure in cats are lethargy, difficulty breathing, and coughing, especially at night. In some cases, these cats may have a history of a severe heart murmur found on physical exam by a veterinarian.
Lung Cancer or Tumors
Tumors or growths in the respiratory tract or lungs can obstruct airflow, causing coughing and wheezing. Lung cancer is a potential concern in older cats or can stem from a mix of genetic and environmental risk factors. Lung cancer can affect any breed of cat however Persian cats are reported to have a higher diagnosis rate.
Common symptoms are chronic coughing, lethargy and weight loss.
Heartworm Disease
Though heartworm is more commonly associated with dogs, cats can also be affected. Heartworm disease often mimics asthma symptoms and can cause wheezing and coughing due to lung inflammation.
Symptoms
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- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Breathing difficulties
- Sudden collapse in severe cases
When to See a Veterinarian
Coughing and wheezing in cats should not be taken lightly. Seek veterinary care if:
- The symptoms persist for more than 24 hours.
- Your cat has difficulty breathing.
- There is a noticeable change in behavior, such as lethargy or reduced appetite.
- You notice blue gums or tongue (a sign of oxygen deprivation).
A veterinarian will likely perform a physical exam, ask about your cat’s medical history, and recommend diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, blood tests, or even a bronchoscopy to determine the cause.
As a veterinarian, I once treated a sweet tabby cat named Milo, who came in for persistent coughing and wheezing. After a thorough exam and chest X-rays, we discovered he had feline asthma triggered by a dusty litter box. With a change to a low-dust litter, an inhaler prescribed for flare-ups, and an air purifier at home, Milo’s symptoms improved dramatically, and he’s now back to his playful, curious self.
Monitoring Symptoms At Home
Monitoring your cat’s coughing and wheezing at home is an important part of their care. Keep a journal to track when the episodes occur, how long they last, and any potential triggers, such as exposure to dust, smoke, or changes in the weather. This information can be incredibly valuable for your veterinarian when determining the underlying cause of the symptoms.
Also watch for warning signs like lethargy, appetite changes, or difficulty breathing, which may signal a need for immediate care.
Treatment Options for Cat Coughing and Wheezing
The treatment for coughing and wheezing will depend on the underlying cause.
Medications like bronchodilators, steroids, antibiotics, inhalers and dewormers are commonly used but not necessarily all at the same time.
Simple changes in your cat’s living space can make a big difference. Ensure proper ventilation by opening windows when cleaning (if safe) and consider investing in a HEPA air purifier to reduce allergens and irritants in the air.
If your cat uses clay-based or scented litter, switching to an unscented, low-dust alternative can significantly reduce irritation to their respiratory system.
Financing Options and Emergency Care
If your cat’s condition is serious, such as severe asthma or complications from heartworm, emergency care may be required. Discuss financing options with your veterinary clinic to ensure your cat gets the necessary treatment without added financial stress.
Advice for Emergency Situations
Always have an emergency plan in place in case your cat experiences a severe coughing or wheezing episode. This includes knowing the location of the nearest 24-hour veterinary clinic and having a carrier easily accessible to transport your cat quickly.
Discuss with your vet what to do if symptoms suddenly worsen and keep any prescribed emergency medications, such as inhalers or bronchodilators, on hand.
Preventing Coughing and Wheezing in Cats
While some causes of coughing and wheezing are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of these symptoms occurring:
Routine vet care –Schedule annual check-ups to catch potential issues early.
Parasite control- Use monthly preventative medications to protect against heartworm, fleas, and other parasites.
Limit irritant exposure –Minimize dust and avoid using strong-smelling cleaning products.
Supporting Your Cat During Recovery
If your cat has experienced a coughing or wheezing episode, follow your veterinarian’s instructions closely. Ensure they have a quiet, stress-free space to recover. Monitor their symptoms daily, and don’t hesitate to reach out to your vet if their condition worsens.
Final Note on Cats Coughing and Wheezing
Coughing and wheezing in cats can result from a variety of causes, from minor irritants to serious medical conditions like asthma, heartworm, or even lung cancer.
This guide does not constitute medical advice regarding pets, and it’s important to consult your veterinarian for a diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
By taking preventive measures and maintaining a safe, clean environment, you can help reduce the risk of these symptoms and keep your cat healthy for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What should I do if my cat has a persistent cough?
If your cat has a persistent cough, monitor their symptoms closely and schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. Persistent coughing could be a sign of a serious condition like asthma, heartworm, or even congestive heart failure.
2. Can cats get colds, and do they cause coughing or wheezing?
Yes, cats can catch colds caused by viral or bacterial respiratory infections. These infections can cause coughing, wheezing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. While mild cases often resolve on their own, severe or prolonged symptoms require veterinary attention.
3. Are there home remedies for cat coughing and wheezing?
While some environmental adjustments, such as using air purifiers and avoiding irritants like smoke, can help, home remedies should not replace professional veterinary care.
4. Can stress cause coughing and wheezing in cats?
Yes, stress can exacerbate conditions like feline asthma, which may result in coughing and wheezing episodes. Providing a calm, safe environment and minimizing stressors can help reduce the frequency of these episodes in cats with underlying conditions.
5. How do I prevent respiratory issues in my cat?
Preventing respiratory issues involves maintaining a clean, dust-free environment, staying up-to-date with vaccinations, and using monthly parasite preventatives to protect against heartworm and lungworms. Regular veterinary check-ups can also catch potential problems early.
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